History of IAFFE Presidents’ Trajectories and Cognitive Interactions
Technical Appendix
Rebeca Gomez Betancourt, Camila Orozco Espinel and Anthony Rebours
May 2024
1 Introduction
This document is the technical appendix of the article entitled “A History of IAFFE Presidents’ Trajectories and Cognitive Interactions” written by Rebeca Gomez Betancourt, Camila Orozco Espinel and Anthony Rebours. For questions and requests concerning the part of the project contained in this appendix please email Anthony Rebours.
In the article we followed the trajectories of the 26 first presidents of the International Association for Feminist Economics (IAFFE). Our analysis relied in particular on two databases: a collective bibliogr
Some of the results included in this appendix are reproduced in the article while others are only available here. In addition to the results we also provide the codes we used for these results.
Here is the description of the R session and packages we have used for generating the following tables and figures :
## R version 4.2.0 (2022-04-22 ucrt)
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## attached base packages:
## [1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base
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## other attached packages:
## [1] biblionetwork_0.1.0 webshot2_0.1.1 magick_2.8.3
## [4] janitor_2.2.0 kableExtra_1.4.0 DT_0.32
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## [13] lubridate_1.9.3 forcats_1.0.0 stringr_1.5.1
## [16] dplyr_1.1.4 purrr_1.0.2 readr_2.1.5
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## [5] rprojroot_2.0.4 digest_0.6.34 utf8_1.2.4 R6_2.5.1
## [9] evaluate_0.23 pillar_1.9.0 Rdpack_2.6 rlang_1.1.3
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## [17] htmlwidgets_1.6.4 munsell_0.5.1 compiler_4.2.0 janeaustenr_1.0.0
## [21] xfun_0.45 pkgconfig_2.0.3 systemfonts_1.0.5 htmltools_0.5.7
## [25] websocket_1.4.1 tidyselect_1.2.1 bookdown_0.39 fansi_1.0.6
## [29] viridisLite_0.4.2 later_1.3.2 tzdb_0.4.0 withr_3.0.0
## [33] rbibutils_2.2.16 SnowballC_0.7.1 grid_4.2.0 jsonlite_1.8.8
## [37] gtable_0.3.5 lifecycle_1.0.4 magrittr_2.0.3 scales_1.3.0
## [41] tokenizers_0.3.0 cli_3.6.2 stringi_1.8.3 cachem_1.0.8
## [45] promises_1.2.1 snakecase_0.11.1 xml2_1.3.6 bslib_0.6.1
## [49] generics_0.1.3 vctrs_0.6.5 tools_4.2.0 glue_1.7.0
## [53] hms_1.1.3 processx_3.8.3 fastmap_1.1.1 yaml_2.3.8
## [57] chromote_0.2.0 timechange_0.3.0 colorspace_2.1-0 sass_0.4.82 Prosopographic analysis and individuals trajectories of IAFFE leaders
# Load prosopographic database----
# Data about IAFFE leaders' careers
prosopo_careers <- import(here("data",
"prosopographic_analysis",
"prosopo_careers_2.csv"),
encoding = "Latin-1")
# Data about IAFFE leaders' administrative positions
prosopo_adm <- import(here("data",
"prosopographic_analysis",
"prosopo_adm_2.csv"),
encoding = "Latin-1")
# Labels normalization for data manipulations
prosopo_careers <- clean_names(prosopo_careers)
prosopo_adm <- clean_names(prosopo_adm)The first database contains prosopographic informations about the first 26 IAFFE presidents, that is a collective biography aiming at uncovering sharing characteristics across selected individuals (Svorenčík 2018). For our study, we have manually collected data from different sources (CVs, interviews, IAFFE website) about each of them. Table 1 below provides detailed informations we collected about their personnal and professional trajectories and Table 2 presents informations about their administrative positions in the board of IAFFE or in the journal of the association, Feminist Economics.
prosopo_careers %>%
rename("Presidents" = name,
"Dates of birth" = birthdate,
"Citizenships" = citizenship,
"Formation" = ph_d_university,
"Last Position" = academic_position_university_department) %>%
kbl(align = "l") %>%
kable_paper(bootstrap_options = "condensed") %>%
row_spec(row = 0, bold = T)| Presidents | Dates of birth | Citizenships | Formation | Last Position |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jean A. Shackelford | 1946 | USA | University of Kentucky / 1974 / Economics | Bucknell University / Economics |
| Marianne A. Ferber | 1923 - 2013 | USA | University of Chicago / 1954 / Economics | University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign / Economics |
| Myra H. Strober | 1940 | USA | MIT / 1969 / Economics | Stanford University / School of Education |
| Barbara Rose Bergmann | 1927 - 2015 | USA | Harvard University / 1959 / Economics | University of Maryland/American University, Washington / Economics |
| Rhonda Dawn Sharp | 1953 | Australian | University of Sydney / 1997 / Economics | University of South Australia / Economics |
| Katherine Jane Humphries | 1948 | UK | Cornell University / 1973 / Economics | All Souls College, University of Oxford / Economic History |
| Nancy Folbre | 1952 | USA | Univ. Massachusetts Amherst / 1979 / Economics | University of Massachusetts Amherst / Economics |
| Lourdes Benería | 1937 | USA/Spain | Columbia University / 1975 / Economics | Cornell University / City and Regional Planning (joint appointment with Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies) Architectural, art, planning |
| Bina Agarwal | 1951 | UK/India | University of Delhi / 1978 / Economics | University of Manchester / School of Environment, Education and Development |
| Robin L. Bartlett | 1947 | USA | Michigan State University / 1974 / Economics | Denison University / Economics and Queer Studies |
| Edith Kuiper | 1960 | Netherlands | University of Amsterdam / 1996 / Economics | SUNY New Paltz / Economics |
| Martha Lorraine MacDonald | 1950 | Canada | Boston College / 1983 / Economics | St Mary’s University / Economics |
| Cecilia A. Conrad | 1955 | USA | Stanford University / 1982 / Economics | Pomona College / Economics |
| Susan ‘Sue’ Felicity Himmelweit | 1948 | UK | Cambridge University / / Economics | Open University /Economics |
| Violet Eudine Barriteau | 1954 | Barbados | Howard University / 1994 / Political Sciences | University of the West Indies / Gender and Public Policy |
| Stephanie Seguino | around 1956 | USA | American University / 1994 / Economics | University of Vermont / Economics |
| Rosalba C. Todaro | 1941 - 2022 | Chile | University of Pennsylvania / / Master of Regional Science and doctorate | Women’s Study Center (Chile) |
| Agneta Stark | 1946 | Sweden | Stockholm University / 1973 / Business Administration | Dalarna University |
| Yana van der Meulen Rodgers | 1966 | USA/Netherlands | Harvard University / 1993 / Economics | Rutgers University / Woman’s and Gender Studies |
| Alicia Girón González | 1951 | Mexico | National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) / 1989 / Latin American Studies | Institute for Economic Research (UNAM) Economics |
| Semsa Özar | 1955 | Turkey | Vienna University of Economics and Business / 1990 / Economics | Bogaziçi University / Economics |
| Joyce P. Jacobsen | 1961 | USA | Stanford University / 1991 / Economics | Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York / 2019/ President (Wesleyan University) Economics |
| Silvia Berger | 1942 | Argentina | University of Buenos Aires, Argentina / / Master’s degree in political economy | Latin American Social Sciences Institute (FLACSO) |
| Naila Kabeer | 1950 | UK/India | London School of Economics / 1985 / Economics | London School of Economics and Political Science / Gender Institute (joint appointment Department of International Development) |
| Cheryl R. Doss | 1962 | UK | University of Minnesota / 1996 / Economics | Oxford University / Department of International Development |
| Radhika Balakrishnan | 1959 | India/USA | Rutgers University / 1990 / Economics | Center for Women’s Global Leadership (director), and Professor, Women’s, and Gender Studies at Rutgers University |
Table 1. IAFFE presidents careers informations
prosopo_adm %>%
rename("Presidents" = name,
"Yrs Elected" = iaffe_presidency,
"Yrs on board" = years_in_iaffe_board,
"IAFFE Functions" = iaffe_functions,
"FE Functions" = fe_functions) %>%
kbl(align = "l") %>%
kable_paper(bootstrap_options = "condensed") %>%
row_spec(row = 0, bold = T)| Presidents | Yrs Elected | IAFFE Functions | Yrs on board | FE Functions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jean A. Shackelford | 1993 - 1995 | Founding member. Executive Secretary/Treasurer (1994-2004). Webweaver/iaffe.org (1995-2004). | 12 | Editorial Board (2006-2012), Associate editor (1995-204) FORMER ASSOCIATE EDITORS AND SECTION EDITORS 1994-2004 |
| Marianne A. Ferber | 1995 - 1997 | Founding member. Co-editor IAFFE Newsletter (2001-2002). Board member 1997-1999 | 4 | Deeply involved since 2005, serving at various times as the book review editor, an Associate Editor, and now a member of the editorial board |
| Myra H. Strober | 1997 - 1999 | Past president board member 1999-2000. 12 years at IAFFE Board 3 years at IAFFE Board | 3 | Associate Editor (1994- 2008). |
| Barbara Rose Bergmann | 1999 - 2000 | Founding member, board member 1995-1996, 1996-1997, 1998-1999 5 years at IAFFE Board | 5 | Former Associate Editors and section editors 1994-2008 |
| Rhonda Dawn Sharp | 2000 - 2001 | Member of the IAFFE Board, (1995-1998), 1999-2000, and past president member board 2001-2002 6 years at IAFFE Board | 6 | 1994-1999 – Member, International Editorial Advisory Committee, Feminist Economics |
| Katherine Jane Humphries | 2001 - 2002 | IAFFE Board member 2000-2001, past president board member 2002-2003 3 years at IAFFE Board | 3 | Associate Editor (1995 – present) |
| Nancy Folbre | 2002 - 2003 | Founding member. IAFFE Board member 1995-1997, 2001-2002, IAFFE Board member as past president 2003-2004. 5 years at IAFFE Board | 5 | Associate Editor, Feminist Economics (1995-2005) |
| Lourdes Benería | 2003 - 2004 | Founding member. IAFFE Board member 1995-1997, 2002-2003, IAFFE Board member as past president 2004-2005 5 years at IAFFE Board | 5 | Associate Editor, Feminist Economics (2000-2017) |
| Bina Agarwal | 2004 - 2005 | Member of the board 1995-2001, 2003-2004, 2004-2005 president, 2005-2006 Past president 9 years at IAFFE board | 9 | Associate Editor (1992-2012), Editorial Board (1994-2012) |
| Robin L. Bartlett | 2005 - 2006 | Founding member of the IAFFE, board member 1995-1997, 2004-2005 4 years at IAFFE Board | 4 | Editorial Advisory Board (1995-2001) |
| Edith Kuiper | 2006 - 2007 | Founding member, Board Member (1995-98, 1999-2002), 2004-2006, Member Endowment Committee (2008), Vice-President (2000) 9 years at IAFFE board | 9 | Editorial Board (1997-2011) |
| Martha Lorraine MacDonald | 2007 - 2008 | Vice-president (1995-1997), Board member 2006-2009 5 years at IAFFE Board | 5 | Editorial Board (2012–2018), Associate Editor, (1997- 2012), Book review Editor (1997-2003) |
| Cecilia A. Conrad | 2008 - 2009 | Member of the board 2004-2005, 2007-2008 president elected, 2008-2009 president, 2009-2010 Past president. Chair of the Board (2015-2016) 9 years at IAFFE board | 9 | Associate Editor (2003-2010), Editorial Board (2010-2013) |
| Susan ‘Sue’ Felicity Himmelweit | 2009 - 2009 | Member of the board 1997-1999, 2008-2009 president elected, 2009-2010 president, 2010-2011 Past president 6 years at IAFFE Board | 6 | Associate Editor (1996-2012) |
| Violet Eudine Barriteau | 2009 - 2010 | Board (2006-2007), Regional representative (2007) 6 years at IAFFE Board, PE 2008, P 2009, PP 2010 | 6 | No |
| Stephanie Seguino | 2010 - 2011 | Board (2010-2012). 2 years at IAFFE Board | 2 | Associate Editor (2004 -present) |
| Rosalba C. Todaro | 2011 - 2012 | Member of the board 2006-2010, 2010-2011 president elected, 20011-2012 president 6 years at IAFFE Board | 6 | Editorial Board of Feminist Economics (2010) |
| Agneta Stark | 2012 - 2013 | Member of the board 2001-2004 and 2005-2011. 2012-2013 president. 11 years at IAFFE board | 11 | No |
| Yana van der Meulen Rodgers | 2013 - 2014 | Executive Committee, Member (2012-2014) and Chair (2013-2014), Finance Committee, Member (2012-2014), Strategic Planning Task (2012-2012), Executive Committee (2009-2011), Vice President for Information and Technology (2007-2011) 6 years at IAFFE Board | 6 | Associate Editor (2005-Present) |
| Alicia Girón | 2014 - 2015 | Member of the board 2001-20004, Vice-president 2005-2008, 2013-2014 president elected, 2014-2015 president, 2015-2016 Past president 9 years at IAFFE board | 9 | No |
| Semsa Özar | 2015 - 2016 | Member of the board 2002-2005 and 2006-2008, Vice-president 2005-2006, 2014-2015 president elected, 2015-2016 president, 2016-2017 Past President 9 years at IAFFE board | 9 | No |
| Joyce P. Jacobsen | 2016 - 2017 | Funding Member. Board member from 2010 through 2018 where I was president that 16-17 year and then stayed on as past president for another year. 7 years at IAFFE Board | 7 | I don’t know when I first started refereeing but I was an associate editor for Feminist Economics from 2004 to 2010 and then after that I moved on to the editorial board in 2011 and I’m still in the editorial board and then. IAFFE 2004-2010 |
| Silvia Berger | 2017 - 2018 | 2016-2017 president elected, 2017-2018 president, 2018-2019 7 years at IAFFE Board | 7 | No |
| Naila Kabeer | 2018 - 2019 | 2017-2018 president elected, 2018-2019 president, 2019-2020 6 years at IAFFE Board | 6 | Editorial Board |
| Cheryl R. Doss | 2019 - 2020 | 2018-2019 president elected, 2019-2020 president, 2020-2021 3 years at IAFFE Board | 3 | Deeply involved since 2005, serving at various times as the book review editor, an Associate Editor, and now a member of the editorial board. |
| Radhika Balakrishnan | 2019 - 2020 | Member (1992-present), Board of directors (2010-2014, 2019-2021). 2018-2019 president elected, 2019-2020 president, 2020-2021 | 9 | No |
Table 2. IAFFE presidents administrative positions in the field
2.1 Where IAFFE presidents graduated
#
prosopo_careers <- prosopo_careers %>%
separate(ph_d_university, c("university",
"date",
"disciplines"), sep = "/")
#
prosopo_careers %>%
count(citizenship) %>%
arrange(desc(n)) %>%
rename("Citizenships" = citizenship,
"Number" = n) %>%
kbl() %>%
kable_classic() %>%
row_spec(row = 0, bold = TRUE)| Citizenships | Number |
|---|---|
| USA | 9 |
| UK | 3 |
| UK/India | 2 |
| Argentina | 1 |
| Australian | 1 |
| Barbados | 1 |
| Canada | 1 |
| Chile | 1 |
| India/USA | 1 |
| Mexico | 1 |
| Netherlands | 1 |
| Sweden | 1 |
| Turkey | 1 |
| USA/Netherlands | 1 |
| USA/Spain | 1 |
Table 3. Main countries of origin
#
prosopo_careers %>%
count(disciplines) %>%
arrange(desc(n)) %>%
rename("Disciplines" = disciplines,
"Number" = n) %>%
kbl() %>%
kable_classic() %>%
row_spec(row = 0, bold = TRUE)| Disciplines | Number |
|---|---|
| Economics | 21 |
| Business Administration | 1 |
| Latin American Studies | 1 |
| Master of Regional Science and doctorate | 1 |
| Master’s degree in political economy | 1 |
| Political Sciences | 1 |
Table 4. Discipline of graduation
prosopo_careers %>%
count(university) %>%
arrange(desc(n)) %>%
rename("Universities" = university,
"Number" = n) %>%
kbl() %>%
kable_classic() %>%
row_spec(row = 0, bold = TRUE)| Universities | Number |
|---|---|
| Harvard University | 2 |
| Stanford University | 2 |
| American University | 1 |
| Boston College | 1 |
| Cambridge University | 1 |
| Columbia University | 1 |
| Cornell University | 1 |
| Howard University | 1 |
| London School of Economics | 1 |
| MIT | 1 |
| Michigan State University | 1 |
| National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) | 1 |
| Rutgers University | 1 |
| Stockholm University | 1 |
| Univ. Massachusetts Amherst | 1 |
| University of Amsterdam | 1 |
| University of Buenos Aires, Argentina | 1 |
| University of Chicago | 1 |
| University of Delhi | 1 |
| University of Kentucky | 1 |
| University of Minnesota | 1 |
| University of Pennsylvania | 1 |
| University of Sydney | 1 |
| Vienna University of Economics and Business | 1 |
Table 5. Master and PhD origins
3 Publication analysis using Web of Science databases
# Load WoS publications data
wos_publications <- import(here("data",
"publication_analysis",
"wos_publications2.csv"),
encoding = "Latin-1")
# Labels normalization
wos_publications <- clean_names(wos_publications)The second database includes all the papers published by the 26 past presidents of IAFFE that we collected from the Clarivate Analytics Web of Science (WoS) databases. To track their papers we tried any possible combinations of presidents’ names and first names. For instance, in the case of Jean Shackelford we searched for publications in which one of the authors was either “Shackelford-JA” or “Shackelford-J”.
This first search was done in all journals indexed by the WoS and allow us to collect a total of 11 400 publications. However, given that a great majority of these papers were written by homonyms and not the authors we selected, we choose in a second time to restrict our search only on articles published in journals from social sciences and humanities fields. It is important to note here that the data we had access to had been processed by the Observatoire des sciences et technologies which assigns each journals in WoS to a unique field of research. Their classification is based on the one used by the US National Science Foundation (National Science Board, 2006, Appendix table 5-39, can be find here).
After this second query, the number of articles has decreased to a bit more than 2000. All these articles were then manually inspected to exclude those written by homonyms, leaving us with a total of 784 publications including academic papers but also book reviews, replays, corrections, interviews, editorials, prefaces, magazine articles, congratulation notes and opinion columns published between 1966 and 2019. The figure below illustrates the evolution of the number of documents published per years in our corpus while the table shows in details the distribution of these publications among the 26 IAFFE presidents.
wos_publications %>%
select(code, year, research_pub) %>%
distinct() %>%
group_by(year) %>%
count(year) %>%
ggplot(aes(x = year, y = n)) +
geom_smooth(se = FALSE, span = .3, color = "darkgrey", size = 1.5) +
theme_minimal() +
scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(from = 1965, to = 2020, by = 10)) +
xlab("") +
ylab("Number of documents per years")
Figure. Number of documents per years (The curve is smoothed using local polynomial regression fitting)
# Creation of table summarizing individuals publications data
pub_tab <- wos_publications %>%
group_by(author) %>%
summarise(
total = n(),
research_articles = sum(research_pub == "TRUE", na.rm = T),
other_publications = sum(research_pub == "FALSE", na.rm = T),
from_1993 = round(sum(year>=1993, na.rm = T)/total*100, digits = 1),
FE = round(sum(journal == "FEMINIST ECONOMICS", na.rm = T)/total*100, digits = 1)
)
# Add a new variable about first and last published document per authors
pub_tab <- wos_publications %>%
group_by(author) %>%
mutate(first_last = paste0(min(year), "-", max(year))) %>%
select(author, first_last) %>%
right_join(pub_tab, by = "author")%>%
distinct()
# Add a variable about number of coauthored papers per authors
pub_tab <- wos_publications %>%
get_dupes(-author) %>%
count(author) %>%
right_join(pub_tab, by = "author")
# Table settings
pub_tab %>%
arrange(desc(total)) %>%
select(author, total, research_articles, other_publications, everything()) %>%
rename("Authors" = author,
"Total" = total,
"Research Articles" = research_articles,
"Other Publications" = other_publications,"First - Last" = first_last,
"From 1993 (%)" = from_1993,
"Coauthored" = n,
"FE (%)" = FE) %>%
adorn_totals(rows = c("Total", "Research Articles", "Other Publications"),
fill = "--") %>%
kbl(align = "lrrrrcrr") %>%
kable_paper(bootstrap_options = "condensed") %>%
row_spec(row = 0, bold = T) %>%
row_spec(row = 25, bold = T)| Authors | Total | Research Articles | Other Publications | Coauthored | First - Last | From 1993 (%) | FE (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FOLBRE-N | 93 | 56 | 37 | 3 | 1980-2018 | 63.4 | 10.8 |
| HUMPHRIES-KJ | 89 | 41 | 48 | 4 | 1976-2019 | 78.7 | 12.4 |
| BERGMANN-BR | 88 | 39 | 49 | 1 | 1966-2013 | 50 | 12.5 |
| FERBER-MA | 83 | 50 | 33 | 1 | 1972-2011 | 34.9 | 10.8 |
| KABEER-N | 51 | 42 | 9 | 2 | 1985-2018 | 88.2 | 11.8 |
| JACOBSEN-JP | 40 | 23 | 17 | 1 | 1986-2018 | 85 | 7.5 |
| AGARWAL-B | 38 | 37 | 1 | 2 | 1980-2018 | 68.4 | 7.9 |
| DOSS-CR | 38 | 36 | 2 | 1 | 1994-2019 | 100 | 18.4 |
| RODGERS-YV | 36 | 29 | 7 | 2 | 1993-2018 | 100 | 16.7 |
| STROBER-MH | 35 | 20 | 15 | NA | 1972-2014 | 34.3 | 11.4 |
| SHACKELFORD-JA | 29 | 6 | 23 | 1 | 1980-2001 | 13.8 | 10.3 |
| BENERIA-L | 27 | 17 | 10 | 2 | 1976-2015 | 55.6 | 25.9 |
| BARTLETT-RL | 24 | 24 | 0 | 1 | 1977-2005 | 37.5 | 8.3 |
| CONRAD-CA | 22 | 10 | 12 | 1 | 1984-2010 | 77.3 | 36.4 |
| SEGUINO-S | 21 | 20 | 1 | 1 | 1989-2018 | 95.2 | 28.6 |
| GIRON-AG | 21 | 15 | 6 | NA | 1976-2018 | 47.6 | 4.8 |
| HIMMELWEIT-SF | 18 | 15 | 3 | 3 | 1976-2013 | 77.8 | 22.2 |
| SHARP-RD | 17 | 15 | 2 | NA | 1990-2016 | 94.1 | 17.6 |
| MACDONALD-ML | 13 | 10 | 3 | 1 | 1991-2014 | 92.3 | 23.1 |
| STARK-A | 6 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1986-2005 | 66.7 | 66.7 |
| KUIPER-E | 3 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2004-2007 | 100 | 66.7 |
| BALAKRISHNAN-R | 3 | 3 | 0 | NA | 2007-2012 | 100 | 33.3 |
| BARRITEAU-VE | 2 | 2 | 0 | NA | 1989-1998 | 50 | 0 |
| OZAR-S | 2 | 2 | 0 | NA | 2008-2013 | 100 | 0 |
| Total | 799 | 519 | 280 | – | – | – | – |
Table. Total number of publications in the WoS by type of publication and period of publication
As we can see, data are very unequally distributed among the different actors.
3.2 Publication venues
wos_publications %>%
select(-author) %>%
distinct() %>%
group_by(journal) %>%
summarise(
total = n(),
other_publications = sum(research_pub == "FALSE", na.rm = T),
research_articles = sum(research_pub == "TRUE", na.rm = T),
from_1993 = sum(year>=1993, na.rm = T),
) %>%
filter(total >= 10) %>%
arrange(desc(total)) %>%
rename("Journals" = journal,
"Total" = total,
"Research Articles" = research_articles,
"Other Publications" = other_publications,
"From 1993" = from_1993) %>%
adorn_totals() %>%
kbl(digits = 1) %>%
kable_paper(bootstrap_options = "condensed") %>%
row_spec(row = 0, bold = T) %>%
row_spec(row = 20, bold = T)| Journals | Total | Other Publications | Research Articles | From 1993 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FEMINIST ECONOMICS | 99 | 38 | 61 | 99 |
| JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC EDUCATION | 42 | 24 | 18 | 7 |
| WORLD DEVELOPMENT | 30 | 0 | 30 | 27 |
| AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW | 29 | 2 | 27 | 8 |
| JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE | 25 | 25 | 0 | 14 |
| JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC HISTORY | 20 | 15 | 5 | 10 |
| INDUSTRIAL & LABOR RELATIONS REVIEW | 19 | 12 | 7 | 6 |
| SIGNS | 19 | 9 | 10 | 6 |
| IDS BULLETIN-INSTITUTE OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES | 17 | 0 | 17 | 15 |
| ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW | 16 | 6 | 10 | 16 |
| JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCES | 13 | 1 | 12 | 2 |
| REVIEW OF RADICAL POLITICAL ECONOMICS | 13 | 4 | 9 | 3 |
| NATION | 12 | 12 | 0 | 7 |
| CAMBRIDGE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS | 11 | 0 | 11 | 5 |
| PROBLEMAS DEL DESARROLLO | 11 | 5 | 6 | 0 |
| ACADEME-BULLETIN OF THE AAUP | 10 | 10 | 0 | 3 |
| DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE | 10 | 1 | 9 | 8 |
| JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES | 10 | 0 | 10 | 7 |
| JOURNAL OF PEASANT STUDIES | 10 | 0 | 10 | 6 |
| Total | 416 | 164 | 252 | 249 |
Table. Journals with more than 10 publications by type, periods and authors
wos_publications %>%
group_by(author) %>%
summarise(
economics = sum(specialties == "Economics", na.rm = T)
) %>%
arrange(desc(economics)) %>%
rename("Authors" = author,
"Economics Journals" = economics) %>%
adorn_totals() %>%
kbl(digits = 1) %>%
kable_paper(bootstrap_options = "condensed") %>%
row_spec(row = 0, bold = T) %>%
row_spec(row = 25, bold = T)| Authors | Economics Journals |
|---|---|
| BERGMANN-BR | 42 |
| FERBER-MA | 35 |
| DOSS-CR | 31 |
| FOLBRE-N | 31 |
| RODGERS-YV | 29 |
| SHACKELFORD-JA | 28 |
| HUMPHRIES-KJ | 25 |
| JACOBSEN-JP | 22 |
| GIRON-AG | 20 |
| AGARWAL-B | 19 |
| KABEER-N | 19 |
| SEGUINO-S | 18 |
| BARTLETT-RL | 17 |
| BENERIA-L | 17 |
| CONRAD-CA | 17 |
| STROBER-MH | 15 |
| HIMMELWEIT-SF | 8 |
| SHARP-RD | 7 |
| MACDONALD-ML | 6 |
| STARK-A | 4 |
| BALAKRISHNAN-R | 2 |
| KUIPER-E | 2 |
| BARRITEAU-VE | 1 |
| OZAR-S | 1 |
| Total | 416 |
Table. Number of publications by author in economics and other disciplines
#
specialties <- wos_publications %>%
select(-author) %>%
distinct() %>%
group_by(specialties) %>%
summarise(count = n()) %>%
filter(!(specialties == "Economics")) %>%
filter( count > 1)
#
specialties %>%
ggplot(aes(y = fct_reorder(specialties, count), x = count)) +
geom_col() +
geom_text(aes(label = paste0(count), hjust = -0.2)) +
xlab("") +
ylab("Number of articles")
Figure. Publications by discipline excluding economics (more than two publications)
4 Citation analysis using Web of Science databases
In this section we focus on references the documents we compiled in the previous section.
Even though the WoS databases cover only major journals in Social Sciences and Humanities fields (with a strong anglophone bias), the papers these journals contain cite journals and books not covered in the WoS. Similarly, the references cited can be much older than the citing papers.
The Web of Science is neither exhaustive nor perfect but at least the gaps and biases of the database are well identified (Archambault et al. 2009). For instance, one might complain that only journal articles are indexed in the database. However, this limit does not represent a major issue as, even if in social sciences the weight of research articles is less important than in fields like physics, specially before the 1990s (Larivière et al. 2006), articles published in scholarly journals represents, even at the time, the vehicles par excellence for the circulation of knowledge validated by the scientific profession. Moreover, there is no reason to think that citations from books would be different than that from articles. In fact, Yves Gingras and Mahdi Khelfaoui (2019) analyzed citation patterns from different social and humanity fields to show that there were no significant differences between rankings of authors whether they are cited in journals, books and book chapters. Finally, it must be noted that the papers contained in the journals indexed in the WoS cite thousands of different publication mediums, including books and book chapters, and not only the major journals which are represented in the database. A more important limitation of the WoS is that it only contains references to first authors. It means that an author who has published only as a co-author would be unnoticed in our corpus. While WoS databases cover major journals in the different fields they have a strong Anglo-Saxon bias as it contains a great majority of American journals.
# Load WoS data for citation analysis
wos_citations <- import(here("data", "wos_citations_2.csv"))
#
wos_citations <- wos_citations %>%
mutate(windows = case_when(
between(Citing_Years, 1966, 1975) ~ "1966-1975",
between(Citing_Years, 1976, 1985) ~ "1976-1985",
between(Citing_Years, 1986, 1995) ~ "1986-1995",
between(Citing_Years, 1996, 2005) ~ "1996-2005",
between(Citing_Years, 2006, 2015) ~ "2006-2015",
between(Citing_Years, 2016, 2019) ~ "2016-2019")
)
# To remove self-citations
no_self_cit <- wos_citations %>%
filter(!Citing_Authors == Cited_Authors)
# To manually remove remaining self_citations in cases of duplicates
no_self_cit <- no_self_cit %>%
filter(!(Document_ID == "18096111" & Cited_Authors == "SHACKELFORD-JA")) %>%
filter(!(Document_ID == "18096111" & Cited_Authors == "BARTLETT-RL")) %>%
filter(!(Document_ID == "19702491" & Cited_Authors == "BENERIA-L")) %>%
filter(!(Document_ID == "24379073" & Cited_Authors == "BERGMANN-BR")) %>%
filter(!(Document_ID == "30814659" & Cited_Authors == "DOSS-CR")) %>%
filter(!(Document_ID == "43848482" & Cited_Authors == "SEGUINO-S")) %>%
filter(!(Document_ID == "48968233" & Cited_Authors == "KABEER-N")) %>%
filter(!(Document_ID == "48968233" & Cited_Authors == "BENERIA-L")) %>%
filter(!(Document_ID == "55892286" & Cited_Authors == "KABEER-N"))
# Total number of articles per years
art_yr <- wos_citations %>% # Some articles have only self-citations as references
select(Document_ID, Citing_Years) %>%
distinct() %>%
count(Citing_Years, name = "art")
# Total number of references per years
ref_yr <- no_self_cit %>% # To eliminate self-citations
count(Citing_Years, name = "ref")
# Number of references per articles
mean_ref_yr <- ref_yr %>%
left_join(art_yr,
join_by(Citing_Years)) %>%
group_by(Citing_Years) %>%
mutate(mean_ref = ref/art)
# Visualization
mean_ref_yr %>%
ggplot(aes(y = mean_ref, x = Citing_Years)) +
geom_smooth(se = FALSE, span = .3, color = "darkgrey", size = 1.5) +
theme_minimal() +
scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(from = 1965, to = 2020, by = 10)) +
xlab("") +
ylab("References per documents") 
Figure. References per document (The curve is smoothed using local polynomial regression fitting)
# To visualize self-citations per authors over total references
wos_citations %>%
ggplot(aes(x = fct_infreq(Citing_Authors),
fill = !Citing_Authors == Cited_Authors)) + # For self-citations
geom_bar() +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = seq(0, 2500, 250)) +
theme_minimal() +
theme(axis.text.x = element_text(size = 7, angle = 45, hjust = 1)) +
scale_fill_manual(values = c("FALSE" = "gray",
"TRUE" = "gray40"),
labels = c("FALSE" = "Self-citations",
"TRUE" = "Citations"),
name = "Citations") +
ylab("Number of citations") +
xlab("")
Figure.
4.1 Networks
Networks were generated using the open-source software Gephi which incorporate the algorithm “Atlas Force 2” that we applied to calculate the location of each node (here an author) in the network according to the intensity of the edges (here the citations) it has with the other nodes in the network. The more two authors cite each other citations, the stronger will be the edge between them and so the closer they will appear on the network map.
In bibliometric literature it is generally advised to use time windows between five and ten years to analyze citations from social sciences given that the median age of cited literature in these fields is about five and that articles published in social sciences reach their citations’peak around ten years after their publication (Archambault and Larivière 2010). For that reason, we choose to focus on four time-windows of five years each in our study: 1976-1985, 1986-1995, 1996-2005 and 2006-2015.
# To select other presidents cited by citing presidents
pres_cit_pres <- no_self_cit %>%
filter(Cited_Authors == "AGARWAL-B" | Cited_Authors == "BALAKRISHNAN-R" |
Cited_Authors == "BARRITEAU-VE" | Cited_Authors == "BARTLETT-RL" |
Cited_Authors == "BENERIA-L" | Cited_Authors == "BERGER-S" |
Cited_Authors == "BERGMANN-BR" | Cited_Authors == "CONRAD-CA" |
Cited_Authors == "DOSS-CR" | Cited_Authors == "FERBER-MA" |
Cited_Authors == "FOLBRE-N" | Cited_Authors == "GIRON-AG" |
Cited_Authors == "HIMMELWEIT-SF" | Cited_Authors == "HUMPHRIES-KJ" |
Cited_Authors == "JACOBSEN-JP" | Cited_Authors == "KABEER-N" |
Cited_Authors == "KUIPER-E" | Cited_Authors == "MACDONALD-ML" |
Cited_Authors == "OZAR-S" | Cited_Authors == "RODGERS-YV" |
Cited_Authors == "SEGUINO-S" | Cited_Authors == "SHACKELFORD-JA" |
Cited_Authors == "SHARP-RD" | Cited_Authors == "STARK-A" |
Cited_Authors =="STROBER-MH" | Cited_Authors == "TODARO-RC")
# Total number per authors and periods
art_aut <- wos_citations %>%
select(Citing_Authors, Document_ID, windows) %>%
distinct() %>%
count(Citing_Authors, windows, name = "art")
# Total number of references per authors and periods
ref_aut <- wos_citations %>%
count(Citing_Authors, windows, name = "ref")
# Mean number of references per authors and periods
mean_aut_periods <- ref_aut %>%
left_join(art_aut, by = c("Citing_Authors", "windows")) %>%
mutate(mean_aut = ref/art)
# Creation of data tables specific to Gephi for citation networks
## Before normalization
input <- pres_cit_pres %>%
select(Source = Citing_Authors, Target = Cited_Authors, windows)
## Data normalization by total references of presidents (not only to presidents)
input_total <- no_self_cit %>%
count(Source = Citing_Authors, windows) %>%
group_by(Source) %>%
rename("Total" = n) %>%
left_join(input, by = c("Source", "windows")) %>%
filter(!Target == "NA") %>%
count(Source, Target, windows, Total) %>%
mutate(Weight = n/Total)
## Normalized by mean references of authors
input_mean <- mean_aut_periods %>%
rename(Source = Citing_Authors) %>%
left_join(input, by = c("Source", "windows")) %>%
filter(!Target == "NA") %>%
count(Source, Target, windows, mean_aut) %>%
mutate(Weight = n/mean_aut)4.1.1 1976-1985
4.1.1.1 Network
4.1.2 1986-1995
4.1.2.1 Network
4.1.3 1996-2005
4.1.3.1 Network
4.1.4 2006-2015
4.1.4.1 Network
4.2 Bibliographic coupling
biblio_coupling_7685 <- no_self_cit %>%
filter(windows == "1976-1985") %>%
biblio_coupling(source = "Citing_Authors",
ref = "Cited_Authors",
output_in_character = FALSE,
normalized_weight_only = FALSE) %>%
arrange(desc(weight))
biblio_coupling_7685 %>% select(-nb_shared_references) %>%
mutate("Type" = "Undirected") %>%
export(here("data", "publication_analysis", "biblio_coupling_7685.csv"))
biblio_coupling_7685 %>%
datatable(options = list(paging = FALSE, scrollY = 300), rownames = FALSE)biblio_coupling_8695 <- no_self_cit %>%
filter(windows == "1986-1995") %>%
biblio_coupling(source = "Citing_Authors",
ref = "Cited_Authors",
output_in_character = FALSE,
normalized_weight_only = FALSE) %>%
arrange(desc(weight))
biblio_coupling_8695 %>%
select(-nb_shared_references) %>%
mutate("Type" = "Undirected") %>%
export(here("data", "publication_analysis", "biblio_coupling_8695.csv"))
biblio_coupling_8695%>%
datatable(options = list(paging = FALSE, scrollY = 300), rownames = FALSE)biblio_coupling_9605 <- no_self_cit %>%
filter(windows == "1996-2005") %>%
biblio_coupling(source = "Citing_Authors",
ref = "Cited_Authors",
output_in_character = FALSE,
normalized_weight_only = FALSE) %>%
arrange(desc(weight))
biblio_coupling_9605 %>%
select(-nb_shared_references) %>%
mutate("Type" = "Undirected") %>%
export(here("data", "publication_analysis", "biblio_coupling_9605.csv"))
biblio_coupling_9605%>%
datatable(options = list(paging = FALSE, scrollY = 300), rownames = FALSE)biblio_coupling_0615 <- no_self_cit %>%
filter(windows == "2006-2015") %>%
biblio_coupling(source = "Citing_Authors",
ref = "Cited_Authors",
output_in_character = FALSE,
normalized_weight_only = FALSE) %>%
arrange(desc(weight))
biblio_coupling_0615 %>%
select(-nb_shared_references) %>%
mutate("Type" = "Undirected") %>%
export(here("data", "publication_analysis", "biblio_coupling_0615.csv"))
biblio_coupling_0615 %>%
datatable(options = list(paging = FALSE, scrollY = 300), rownames = FALSE) 5 References
Archambault E. and Larivière V. 2010. “The Limits of Bibliometrics for the Analysis of the Social Sciences and Humanities Literature”, in Bokova I., Sané P. and Hernes G. (eds) The World Social Science Report: Knowledge Divides, Paris: Unesco: 251-254
Archambault E., Campbell D., Gingras Y. and Larivière V., 2009, “Comparing Bibliometric Statistics Obtained From the Web of Science and Scopus”, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 60, 7: 1320-1326
Jacomy M., Venturini T., Heymann S. and Bastian M., 2014, “ForceAtlas2, A Continuous Graph Layout Algorithm for Handy Network Visualization Designed for the Gephi Software”, PLOS One, 9, 6
Larivière V., Archambault E., Gingras Y. and Vignola-Gagné E., 2006, “The Place of Serials in Referencing Practices: Comparing Natural Sciences and Engineering With Social Sciences and Humanities”, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 57, 8: 997-1004
National Science Board, 2006 (vol. 2), Science and Engineering Indicators 2006, Arlington, VA: National Science Foundations
Svorenčík, A., 2018, “The Missing Link: Prosopography in the History of Economics.” History of Political Economy, 50, 3: 605-613