1 Introduction

This document is the technical appendix of the article entitled “A History of IAFFE Presidents’ Trajectories and Cognitive Interactions” written by Rebeca Gomez Betancourt, Camila Orozco Espinel and Anthony Rebours. For questions and requests concerning the part of the project contained in this appendix please email Anthony Rebours.

In the article we followed the trajectories of the 26 first presidents of the International Association for Feminist Economics (IAFFE). Our analysis relied in particular on two databases: a collective bibliogr

Some of the results included in this appendix are reproduced in the article while others are only available here. In addition to the results we also provide the codes we used for these results.

Here is the description of the R session and packages we have used for generating the following tables and figures :

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2 Prosopographic analysis and individuals trajectories of IAFFE leaders

# Load prosopographic database----

# Data about IAFFE leaders' careers
prosopo_careers <- import(here("data", 
                               "prosopographic_analysis", 
                               "prosopo_careers_2.csv"), 
                          encoding = "Latin-1")

# Data about IAFFE leaders' administrative positions
prosopo_adm <- import(here("data", 
                           "prosopographic_analysis",
                           "prosopo_adm_2.csv"),
                      encoding = "Latin-1")

# Labels normalization for data manipulations
prosopo_careers <- clean_names(prosopo_careers)
prosopo_adm <- clean_names(prosopo_adm)

The first database contains prosopographic informations about the first 26 IAFFE presidents, that is a collective biography aiming at uncovering sharing characteristics across selected individuals (Svorenčík 2018). For our study, we have manually collected data from different sources (CVs, interviews, IAFFE website) about each of them. Table 1 below provides detailed informations we collected about their personnal and professional trajectories and Table 2 presents informations about their administrative positions in the board of IAFFE or in the journal of the association, Feminist Economics.

prosopo_careers %>% 
  rename("Presidents" = name, 
         "Dates of birth" = birthdate, 
         "Citizenships" = citizenship, 
         "Formation" = ph_d_university, 
         "Last Position" = academic_position_university_department) %>% 
  kbl(align = "l") %>% 
  kable_paper(bootstrap_options = "condensed") %>% 
  row_spec(row = 0, bold = T)
Presidents Dates of birth Citizenships Formation Last Position
Jean A. Shackelford 1946 USA University of Kentucky / 1974 / Economics Bucknell University / Economics
Marianne A. Ferber 1923 - 2013 USA University of Chicago / 1954 / Economics University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign / Economics
Myra H. Strober 1940 USA MIT / 1969 / Economics Stanford University / School of Education
Barbara Rose Bergmann 1927 - 2015 USA Harvard University / 1959 / Economics University of Maryland/American University, Washington / Economics
Rhonda Dawn Sharp 1953 Australian University of Sydney / 1997 / Economics University of South Australia / Economics
Katherine Jane Humphries 1948 UK Cornell University / 1973 / Economics All Souls College, University of Oxford / Economic History
Nancy Folbre 1952 USA Univ. Massachusetts Amherst / 1979 / Economics University of Massachusetts Amherst / Economics
Lourdes Benería 1937 USA/Spain Columbia University / 1975 / Economics Cornell University / City and Regional Planning (joint appointment with Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies) Architectural, art, planning
Bina Agarwal 1951 UK/India University of Delhi / 1978 / Economics University of Manchester / School of Environment, Education and Development
Robin L. Bartlett 1947 USA Michigan State University / 1974 / Economics Denison University / Economics and Queer Studies
Edith Kuiper 1960 Netherlands University of Amsterdam / 1996 / Economics SUNY New Paltz / Economics
Martha Lorraine MacDonald 1950 Canada Boston College / 1983 / Economics St Mary’s University / Economics
Cecilia A. Conrad 1955 USA Stanford University / 1982 / Economics Pomona College / Economics
Susan ‘Sue’ Felicity Himmelweit 1948 UK Cambridge University / / Economics Open University /Economics
Violet Eudine Barriteau 1954 Barbados Howard University / 1994 / Political Sciences University of the West Indies / Gender and Public Policy
Stephanie Seguino around 1956 USA American University / 1994 / Economics University of Vermont / Economics
Rosalba C. Todaro 1941 - 2022 Chile University of Pennsylvania / / Master of Regional Science and doctorate Women’s Study Center (Chile)
Agneta Stark 1946 Sweden Stockholm University / 1973 / Business Administration Dalarna University
Yana van der Meulen Rodgers 1966 USA/Netherlands Harvard University / 1993 / Economics Rutgers University / Woman’s and Gender Studies
Alicia Girón González 1951 Mexico National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) / 1989 / Latin American Studies Institute for Economic Research (UNAM) Economics
Semsa Özar 1955 Turkey Vienna University of Economics and Business / 1990 / Economics Bogaziçi University / Economics
Joyce P. Jacobsen 1961 USA Stanford University / 1991 / Economics Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York / 2019/ President (Wesleyan University) Economics
Silvia Berger 1942 Argentina University of Buenos Aires, Argentina / / Master’s degree in political economy Latin American Social Sciences Institute (FLACSO)
Naila Kabeer 1950 UK/India London School of Economics / 1985 / Economics London School of Economics and Political Science / Gender Institute (joint appointment Department of International Development)
Cheryl R. Doss 1962 UK University of Minnesota / 1996 / Economics Oxford University / Department of International Development
Radhika Balakrishnan 1959 India/USA Rutgers University / 1990 / Economics Center for Women’s Global Leadership (director), and Professor, Women’s, and Gender Studies at Rutgers University

Table 1. IAFFE presidents careers informations


prosopo_adm %>% 
  rename("Presidents" = name, 
         "Yrs Elected" = iaffe_presidency, 
         "Yrs on board" = years_in_iaffe_board,
         "IAFFE Functions" = iaffe_functions,
         "FE Functions" = fe_functions) %>% 
  kbl(align = "l") %>% 
  kable_paper(bootstrap_options = "condensed") %>% 
  row_spec(row = 0, bold = T)
Presidents Yrs Elected IAFFE Functions Yrs on board FE Functions
Jean A. Shackelford 1993 - 1995 Founding member. Executive Secretary/Treasurer (1994-2004). Webweaver/iaffe.org (1995-2004). 12 Editorial Board (2006-2012), Associate editor (1995-204) FORMER ASSOCIATE EDITORS AND SECTION EDITORS 1994-2004
Marianne A. Ferber 1995 - 1997 Founding member. Co-editor IAFFE Newsletter (2001-2002). Board member 1997-1999 4 Deeply involved since 2005, serving at various times as the book review editor, an Associate Editor, and now a member of the editorial board
Myra H. Strober 1997 - 1999 Past president board member 1999-2000. 12 years at IAFFE Board 3 years at IAFFE Board 3 Associate Editor (1994- 2008).
Barbara Rose Bergmann 1999 - 2000 Founding member, board member 1995-1996, 1996-1997, 1998-1999 5 years at IAFFE Board 5 Former Associate Editors and section editors 1994-2008
Rhonda Dawn Sharp 2000 - 2001 Member of the IAFFE Board, (1995-1998), 1999-2000, and past president member board 2001-2002 6 years at IAFFE Board 6 1994-1999 – Member, International Editorial Advisory Committee, Feminist Economics
Katherine Jane Humphries 2001 - 2002 IAFFE Board member 2000-2001, past president board member 2002-2003 3 years at IAFFE Board 3 Associate Editor (1995 – present)
Nancy Folbre 2002 - 2003 Founding member. IAFFE Board member 1995-1997, 2001-2002, IAFFE Board member as past president 2003-2004. 5 years at IAFFE Board 5 Associate Editor, Feminist Economics (1995-2005)
Lourdes Benería 2003 - 2004 Founding member. IAFFE Board member 1995-1997, 2002-2003, IAFFE Board member as past president 2004-2005 5 years at IAFFE Board 5 Associate Editor, Feminist Economics (2000-2017)
Bina Agarwal 2004 - 2005 Member of the board 1995-2001, 2003-2004, 2004-2005 president, 2005-2006 Past president 9 years at IAFFE board 9 Associate Editor (1992-2012), Editorial Board (1994-2012)
Robin L. Bartlett 2005 - 2006 Founding member of the IAFFE, board member 1995-1997, 2004-2005 4 years at IAFFE Board 4 Editorial Advisory Board (1995-2001)
Edith Kuiper 2006 - 2007 Founding member, Board Member (1995-98, 1999-2002), 2004-2006, Member Endowment Committee (2008), Vice-President (2000) 9 years at IAFFE board 9 Editorial Board (1997-2011)
Martha Lorraine MacDonald 2007 - 2008 Vice-president (1995-1997), Board member 2006-2009 5 years at IAFFE Board 5 Editorial Board (2012–2018), Associate Editor, (1997- 2012), Book review Editor (1997-2003)
Cecilia A. Conrad 2008 - 2009 Member of the board 2004-2005, 2007-2008 president elected, 2008-2009 president, 2009-2010 Past president. Chair of the Board (2015-2016) 9 years at IAFFE board 9 Associate Editor (2003-2010), Editorial Board (2010-2013)
Susan ‘Sue’ Felicity Himmelweit 2009 - 2009 Member of the board 1997-1999, 2008-2009 president elected, 2009-2010 president, 2010-2011 Past president 6 years at IAFFE Board 6 Associate Editor (1996-2012)
Violet Eudine Barriteau  2009 - 2010 Board (2006-2007), Regional representative (2007) 6 years at IAFFE Board, PE 2008, P 2009, PP 2010 6 No
Stephanie Seguino  2010 - 2011 Board (2010-2012). 2 years at IAFFE Board 2 Associate Editor (2004 -present)
Rosalba C. Todaro 2011 - 2012 Member of the board 2006-2010, 2010-2011 president elected, 20011-2012 president 6 years at IAFFE Board 6 Editorial Board of Feminist Economics (2010)
Agneta Stark 2012 - 2013 Member of the board 2001-2004 and 2005-2011. 2012-2013 president. 11 years at IAFFE board 11 No
Yana van der Meulen Rodgers 2013 - 2014 Executive Committee, Member (2012-2014) and Chair (2013-2014), Finance Committee, Member (2012-2014), Strategic Planning Task (2012-2012), Executive Committee (2009-2011), Vice President for Information and Technology (2007-2011) 6 years at IAFFE Board 6 Associate Editor (2005-Present)
Alicia Girón 2014 - 2015 Member of the board 2001-20004, Vice-president 2005-2008, 2013-2014 president elected, 2014-2015 president, 2015-2016 Past president 9 years at IAFFE board 9 No
Semsa Özar 2015 - 2016 Member of the board 2002-2005 and 2006-2008, Vice-president 2005-2006, 2014-2015 president elected, 2015-2016 president, 2016-2017 Past President 9 years at IAFFE board 9 No
Joyce P. Jacobsen 2016 - 2017 Funding Member. Board member from 2010 through 2018 where I was president that 16-17 year and then stayed on as past president for another year. 7 years at IAFFE Board 7 I don’t know when I first started refereeing but I was an associate editor for Feminist Economics from 2004 to 2010 and then after that I moved on to the editorial board in 2011 and I’m still in the editorial board and then. IAFFE 2004-2010
Silvia Berger 2017 - 2018 2016-2017 president elected, 2017-2018 president, 2018-2019 7 years at IAFFE Board 7 No
Naila Kabeer 2018 - 2019 2017-2018 president elected, 2018-2019 president, 2019-2020 6 years at IAFFE Board 6 Editorial Board
Cheryl R. Doss 2019 - 2020 2018-2019 president elected, 2019-2020 president, 2020-2021 3 years at IAFFE Board 3 Deeply involved since 2005, serving at various times as the book review editor, an Associate Editor, and now a member of the editorial board.
Radhika Balakrishnan 2019 - 2020 Member (1992-present), Board of directors (2010-2014, 2019-2021). 2018-2019 president elected, 2019-2020 president, 2020-2021 9 No

Table 2. IAFFE presidents administrative positions in the field


2.1 Where IAFFE presidents graduated

# 
prosopo_careers <- prosopo_careers %>% 
  separate(ph_d_university, c("university", 
                              "date",
                              "disciplines"), sep = "/") 

#
prosopo_careers %>% 
  count(citizenship) %>% 
  arrange(desc(n)) %>% 
  rename("Citizenships" = citizenship, 
         "Number" = n) %>% 
  kbl() %>% 
  kable_classic() %>% 
  row_spec(row = 0, bold = TRUE)
Citizenships Number
USA 9
UK 3
UK/India 2
Argentina 1
Australian 1
Barbados 1
Canada 1
Chile 1
India/USA 1
Mexico 1
Netherlands 1
Sweden 1
Turkey 1
USA/Netherlands 1
USA/Spain 1

Table 3. Main countries of origin


#
prosopo_careers %>% 
  count(disciplines) %>% 
  arrange(desc(n)) %>%
  rename("Disciplines" = disciplines, 
         "Number" = n) %>% 
  kbl() %>% 
  kable_classic() %>% 
  row_spec(row = 0, bold = TRUE)
Disciplines Number
Economics 21
Business Administration 1
Latin American Studies 1
Master of Regional Science and doctorate 1
Master’s degree in political economy 1
Political Sciences 1

Table 4. Discipline of graduation


prosopo_careers %>% 
  count(university) %>%  
  arrange(desc(n)) %>%
  rename("Universities" = university, 
         "Number" = n) %>% 
  kbl() %>% 
  kable_classic() %>% 
  row_spec(row = 0, bold = TRUE)
Universities Number
Harvard University 2
Stanford University 2
American University 1
Boston College 1
Cambridge University 1
Columbia University 1
Cornell University 1
Howard University 1
London School of Economics 1
MIT 1
Michigan State University 1
National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) 1
Rutgers University 1
Stockholm University 1
Univ. Massachusetts Amherst 1
University of Amsterdam 1
University of Buenos Aires, Argentina 1
University of Chicago 1
University of Delhi 1
University of Kentucky 1
University of Minnesota 1
University of Pennsylvania 1
University of Sydney 1
Vienna University of Economics and Business 1

Table 5. Master and PhD origins


3 Publication analysis using Web of Science databases

# Load WoS publications data
wos_publications <- import(here("data", 
                               "publication_analysis", 
                               "wos_publications2.csv"), 
                          encoding = "Latin-1")

# Labels normalization
wos_publications <- clean_names(wos_publications)

The second database includes all the papers published by the 26 past presidents of IAFFE that we collected from the Clarivate Analytics Web of Science (WoS) databases. To track their papers we tried any possible combinations of presidents’ names and first names. For instance, in the case of Jean Shackelford we searched for publications in which one of the authors was either “Shackelford-JA” or “Shackelford-J”.

This first search was done in all journals indexed by the WoS and allow us to collect a total of 11 400 publications. However, given that a great majority of these papers were written by homonyms and not the authors we selected, we choose in a second time to restrict our search only on articles published in journals from social sciences and humanities fields. It is important to note here that the data we had access to had been processed by the Observatoire des sciences et technologies which assigns each journals in WoS to a unique field of research. Their classification is based on the one used by the US National Science Foundation (National Science Board, 2006, Appendix table 5-39, can be find here).

After this second query, the number of articles has decreased to a bit more than 2000. All these articles were then manually inspected to exclude those written by homonyms, leaving us with a total of 784 publications including academic papers but also book reviews, replays, corrections, interviews, editorials, prefaces, magazine articles, congratulation notes and opinion columns published between 1966 and 2019. The figure below illustrates the evolution of the number of documents published per years in our corpus while the table shows in details the distribution of these publications among the 26 IAFFE presidents.

wos_publications %>% 
  select(code, year, research_pub) %>% 
  distinct() %>% 
  group_by(year) %>% 
  count(year) %>% 
  ggplot(aes(x = year, y = n)) + 
  geom_smooth(se = FALSE, span = .3, color = "darkgrey", size = 1.5) +
  theme_minimal() +
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(from = 1965, to = 2020, by = 10)) +
  xlab("") + 
  ylab("Number of documents per years")

Figure. Number of documents per years (The curve is smoothed using local polynomial regression fitting)


# Creation of table summarizing individuals publications data
pub_tab <- wos_publications %>% 
  group_by(author) %>% 
  summarise(
    total = n(),
    research_articles = sum(research_pub == "TRUE", na.rm = T),
    other_publications = sum(research_pub == "FALSE", na.rm = T),
    from_1993 = round(sum(year>=1993, na.rm = T)/total*100, digits = 1), 
    FE = round(sum(journal == "FEMINIST ECONOMICS", na.rm = T)/total*100, digits = 1)
    ) 

# Add a new variable about first and last published document per authors
pub_tab <- wos_publications %>% 
  group_by(author) %>% 
  mutate(first_last = paste0(min(year), "-", max(year))) %>% 
  select(author, first_last) %>% 
  right_join(pub_tab, by = "author")%>% 
  distinct()

# Add a variable about number of coauthored papers per authors
pub_tab <- wos_publications %>% 
  get_dupes(-author) %>% 
  count(author) %>% 
  right_join(pub_tab, by = "author")

# Table settings  
pub_tab %>% 
  arrange(desc(total)) %>% 
  select(author, total, research_articles, other_publications, everything()) %>% 
  rename("Authors" = author, 
         "Total" = total, 
         "Research Articles" = research_articles, 
         "Other Publications" = other_publications,"First - Last" = first_last, 
         "From 1993 (%)" = from_1993,
         "Coauthored" = n, 
         "FE (%)" = FE) %>%
  adorn_totals(rows = c("Total", "Research Articles", "Other Publications"),
               fill = "--") %>% 
  kbl(align = "lrrrrcrr") %>% 
  kable_paper(bootstrap_options = "condensed") %>% 
  row_spec(row = 0, bold = T) %>% 
  row_spec(row = 25, bold = T)
Authors Total Research Articles Other Publications Coauthored First - Last From 1993 (%) FE (%)
FOLBRE-N 93 56 37 3 1980-2018 63.4 10.8
HUMPHRIES-KJ 89 41 48 4 1976-2019 78.7 12.4
BERGMANN-BR 88 39 49 1 1966-2013 50 12.5
FERBER-MA 83 50 33 1 1972-2011 34.9 10.8
KABEER-N 51 42 9 2 1985-2018 88.2 11.8
JACOBSEN-JP 40 23 17 1 1986-2018 85 7.5
AGARWAL-B 38 37 1 2 1980-2018 68.4 7.9
DOSS-CR 38 36 2 1 1994-2019 100 18.4
RODGERS-YV 36 29 7 2 1993-2018 100 16.7
STROBER-MH 35 20 15 NA 1972-2014 34.3 11.4
SHACKELFORD-JA 29 6 23 1 1980-2001 13.8 10.3
BENERIA-L 27 17 10 2 1976-2015 55.6 25.9
BARTLETT-RL 24 24 0 1 1977-2005 37.5 8.3
CONRAD-CA 22 10 12 1 1984-2010 77.3 36.4
SEGUINO-S 21 20 1 1 1989-2018 95.2 28.6
GIRON-AG 21 15 6 NA 1976-2018 47.6 4.8
HIMMELWEIT-SF 18 15 3 3 1976-2013 77.8 22.2
SHARP-RD 17 15 2 NA 1990-2016 94.1 17.6
MACDONALD-ML 13 10 3 1 1991-2014 92.3 23.1
STARK-A 6 4 2 2 1986-2005 66.7 66.7
KUIPER-E 3 3 0 1 2004-2007 100 66.7
BALAKRISHNAN-R 3 3 0 NA 2007-2012 100 33.3
BARRITEAU-VE 2 2 0 NA 1989-1998 50 0
OZAR-S 2 2 0 NA 2008-2013 100 0
Total 799 519 280

Table. Total number of publications in the WoS by type of publication and period of publication


As we can see, data are very unequally distributed among the different actors.


3.1 Coauthoring


wos_coauth <- import(here("data", 
                               "publication_analysis", 
                               "wos_coauth2.csv"), 
                          encoding = "Latin-1")

wos_coauth %>% 
  get_dupes(-author) %>% 
  count(author) %>% 
    filter(author == "AGARWAL-B" | author == "BALAKRISHNAN-R" |
           author == "BARRITEAU-VE" | author == "BARTLETT-RL" |
           author ==  "BENERIA-L" | author == "BERGER-S" | 
           author == "BERGMANN-BR" | author == "CONRAD-CA" |
           author == "DOSS-CR" | author == "FERBER-MA" | 
           author == "FOLBRE-N" | author == "GIRON-AG" | 
           author == "HIMMELWEIT-SF" | author == "HUMPHRIES-KJ" |
           author == "JACOBSEN-JP" | author == "KABEER-N" |
           author == "KUIPER-E" | author == "MACDONALD-ML" | 
           author == "OZAR-S" | author == "RODGERS-YV" |
           author == "SEGUINO-S" | author == "SHACKELFORD-JA" |
           author == "SHARP-RD" | author == "STARK-A" |  
           author =="STROBER-MH" | author == "TODARO-RC" ) %>% 
  arrange(desc(n)) %>% 
  kbl() %>% 
  kable_paper(bootstrap_options = "condensed")
author n
FERBER-MA 35
HUMPHRIES-KJ 29
FOLBRE-N 26
DOSS-CR 25
RODGERS-YV 24
BARTLETT-RL 19
STROBER-MH 16
KABEER-N 15
BERGMANN-BR 14
JACOBSEN-JP 14
BENERIA-L 8
HIMMELWEIT-SF 8
SEGUINO-S 8
CONRAD-CA 6
SHACKELFORD-JA 5
AGARWAL-B 4
BALAKRISHNAN-R 3
KUIPER-E 3
OZAR-S 2
STARK-A 2
MACDONALD-ML 1
SHARP-RD 1

Table. Total coauthored papers


wos_publications %>% 
  get_dupes(-author) %>% 
  select("Authors" = author, 
         "Year" = year, 
         "Journal" =  journal, 
         "Document Title" = title) %>% 
  datatable(options = list(paging = FALSE, scrollY = 300), rownames = FALSE)

Table. Articles with at least two IAFFE presidents as coauthors


wos_coauth %>% 
  coauth_network(
    authors = "author", 
    articles = "code", 
    method = "full_counting"
  ) %>% 
  select(from, to, weight) %>% 
   filter(c(from == "AGARWAL-B" | from == "BALAKRISHNAN-R" |
           from == "BARRITEAU-VE" | from == "BARTLETT-RL" |
           from ==  "BENERIA-L" | from == "BERGER-S" | 
           from == "BERGMANN-BR" | from == "CONRAD-CA" |
           from == "DOSS-CR" | from == "FERBER-MA" | 
           from == "FOLBRE-N" | from == "GIRON-AG" | 
           from == "HIMMELWEIT-SF" | from == "HUMPHRIES-KJ" |
           from == "JACOBSEN-JP" | from == "KABEER-N" |
           from == "KUIPER-E" | from == "MACDONALD-ML" | 
           from == "OZAR-S" | from == "RODGERS-YV" |
           from == "SEGUINO-S" | from == "SHACKELFORD-JA" |
           from == "SHARP-RD" | from == "STARK-A" |  
           from =="STROBER-MH" | from == "TODARO-RC") &
            c(to == "AGARWAL-B" | to == "BALAKRISHNAN-R" |
           to == "BARRITEAU-VE" | to == "BARTLETT-RL" |
           to ==  "BENERIA-L" | to == "BERGER-S" | 
           to == "BERGMANN-BR" | to == "CONRAD-CA" |
           to == "DOSS-CR" | to == "FERBER-MA" | 
           to == "FOLBRE-N" | to == "GIRON-AG" | 
           to == "HIMMELWEIT-SF" | to == "HUMPHRIES-KJ" |
           to == "JACOBSEN-JP" | to == "KABEER-N" |
           to == "KUIPER-E" | to == "MACDONALD-ML" | 
           to == "OZAR-S" | to == "RODGERS-YV" |
           to == "SEGUINO-S" | to == "SHACKELFORD-JA" |
           to == "SHARP-RD" | to == "STARK-A" |  
           to =="STROBER-MH" | to == "TODARO-RC")) %>% 
  arrange(desc(weight)) %>% 
  kbl() %>% 
  kable_paper(bootstrap_options = "condensed")
from to weight
HUMPHRIES-KJ AGARWAL-B 2
STARK-A FOLBRE-N 2
SHACKELFORD-JA BARTLETT-RL 1
HIMMELWEIT-SF FOLBRE-N 1
HUMPHRIES-KJ HIMMELWEIT-SF 1
HIMMELWEIT-SF BERGMANN-BR 1
KUIPER-E FERBER-MA 1
JACOBSEN-JP HUMPHRIES-KJ 1
DOSS-CR CONRAD-CA 1
SEGUINO-S RODGERS-YV 1
KABEER-N BENERIA-L 1
RODGERS-YV KABEER-N 1

Table. Most coauthored IAFFE presidents


3.2 Publication venues

wos_publications %>% 
  select(-author) %>% 
  distinct() %>% 
  group_by(journal) %>% 
  summarise(
    total = n(),
    other_publications = sum(research_pub == "FALSE", na.rm = T),
    research_articles = sum(research_pub == "TRUE", na.rm = T),
    from_1993 = sum(year>=1993, na.rm = T), 
    ) %>% 
  filter(total >= 10) %>% 
  arrange(desc(total)) %>% 
  rename("Journals" = journal, 
         "Total" = total, 
         "Research Articles" = research_articles, 
         "Other Publications" = other_publications, 
         "From 1993" = from_1993) %>%
  adorn_totals() %>% 
  kbl(digits = 1) %>% 
  kable_paper(bootstrap_options = "condensed") %>% 
  row_spec(row = 0, bold = T) %>% 
  row_spec(row = 20, bold = T)
Journals Total Other Publications Research Articles From 1993
FEMINIST ECONOMICS 99 38 61 99
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC EDUCATION 42 24 18 7
WORLD DEVELOPMENT 30 0 30 27
AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW 29 2 27 8
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE 25 25 0 14
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC HISTORY 20 15 5 10
INDUSTRIAL & LABOR RELATIONS REVIEW 19 12 7 6
SIGNS 19 9 10 6
IDS BULLETIN-INSTITUTE OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES 17 0 17 15
ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW 16 6 10 16
JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCES 13 1 12 2
REVIEW OF RADICAL POLITICAL ECONOMICS 13 4 9 3
NATION 12 12 0 7
CAMBRIDGE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 11 0 11 5
PROBLEMAS DEL DESARROLLO 11 5 6 0
ACADEME-BULLETIN OF THE AAUP 10 10 0 3
DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE 10 1 9 8
JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES 10 0 10 7
JOURNAL OF PEASANT STUDIES 10 0 10 6
Total 416 164 252 249

Table. Journals with more than 10 publications by type, periods and authors


wos_publications %>% 
  group_by(author) %>% 
  summarise(
    economics = sum(specialties == "Economics", na.rm = T)
    ) %>% 
  arrange(desc(economics)) %>% 
  rename("Authors" = author,
         "Economics Journals" = economics) %>%
  adorn_totals() %>% 
  kbl(digits = 1) %>% 
  kable_paper(bootstrap_options = "condensed") %>% 
  row_spec(row = 0, bold = T) %>% 
  row_spec(row = 25, bold = T)
Authors Economics Journals
BERGMANN-BR 42
FERBER-MA 35
DOSS-CR 31
FOLBRE-N 31
RODGERS-YV 29
SHACKELFORD-JA 28
HUMPHRIES-KJ 25
JACOBSEN-JP 22
GIRON-AG 20
AGARWAL-B 19
KABEER-N 19
SEGUINO-S 18
BARTLETT-RL 17
BENERIA-L 17
CONRAD-CA 17
STROBER-MH 15
HIMMELWEIT-SF 8
SHARP-RD 7
MACDONALD-ML 6
STARK-A 4
BALAKRISHNAN-R 2
KUIPER-E 2
BARRITEAU-VE 1
OZAR-S 1
Total 416

Table. Number of publications by author in economics and other disciplines


#
specialties <- wos_publications %>% 
  select(-author) %>% 
  distinct() %>% 
  group_by(specialties) %>% 
  summarise(count = n()) %>% 
  filter(!(specialties == "Economics")) %>% 
  filter( count > 1)

#
specialties %>% 
  ggplot(aes(y = fct_reorder(specialties, count), x = count)) +
  geom_col() + 
  geom_text(aes(label = paste0(count), hjust = -0.2)) +
  xlab("") +
  ylab("Number of articles")

Figure. Publications by discipline excluding economics (more than two publications)


4 Citation analysis using Web of Science databases

In this section we focus on references the documents we compiled in the previous section.

Even though the WoS databases cover only major journals in Social Sciences and Humanities fields (with a strong anglophone bias), the papers these journals contain cite journals and books not covered in the WoS. Similarly, the references cited can be much older than the citing papers.

The Web of Science is neither exhaustive nor perfect but at least the gaps and biases of the database are well identified (Archambault et al. 2009). For instance, one might complain that only journal articles are indexed in the database. However, this limit does not represent a major issue as, even if in social sciences the weight of research articles is less important than in fields like physics, specially before the 1990s (Larivière et al. 2006), articles published in scholarly journals represents, even at the time, the vehicles par excellence for the circulation of knowledge validated by the scientific profession. Moreover, there is no reason to think that citations from books would be different than that from articles. In fact, Yves Gingras and Mahdi Khelfaoui (2019) analyzed citation patterns from different social and humanity fields to show that there were no significant differences between rankings of authors whether they are cited in journals, books and book chapters. Finally, it must be noted that the papers contained in the journals indexed in the WoS cite thousands of different publication mediums, including books and book chapters, and not only the major journals which are represented in the database. A more important limitation of the WoS is that it only contains references to first authors. It means that an author who has published only as a co-author would be unnoticed in our corpus. While WoS databases cover major journals in the different fields they have a strong Anglo-Saxon bias as it contains a great majority of American journals.

# Load WoS data for citation analysis
wos_citations <- import(here("data", "wos_citations_2.csv"))

# 
wos_citations <- wos_citations %>% 
  mutate(windows = case_when(
    between(Citing_Years, 1966, 1975) ~ "1966-1975",
    between(Citing_Years, 1976, 1985) ~ "1976-1985", 
    between(Citing_Years, 1986, 1995) ~ "1986-1995", 
    between(Citing_Years, 1996, 2005) ~ "1996-2005", 
    between(Citing_Years, 2006, 2015) ~ "2006-2015", 
    between(Citing_Years, 2016, 2019) ~ "2016-2019")
  )

# To remove self-citations
no_self_cit <- wos_citations %>% 
  filter(!Citing_Authors == Cited_Authors)

# To manually remove remaining self_citations in cases of duplicates
no_self_cit <- no_self_cit %>% 
  filter(!(Document_ID == "18096111" & Cited_Authors == "SHACKELFORD-JA")) %>%
  filter(!(Document_ID == "18096111" & Cited_Authors == "BARTLETT-RL")) %>%
  filter(!(Document_ID == "19702491" & Cited_Authors == "BENERIA-L")) %>% 
  filter(!(Document_ID == "24379073" & Cited_Authors == "BERGMANN-BR")) %>% 
  filter(!(Document_ID == "30814659" & Cited_Authors == "DOSS-CR")) %>%
  filter(!(Document_ID == "43848482" & Cited_Authors == "SEGUINO-S")) %>% 
  filter(!(Document_ID == "48968233" & Cited_Authors == "KABEER-N")) %>% 
  filter(!(Document_ID == "48968233" & Cited_Authors == "BENERIA-L")) %>% 
  filter(!(Document_ID == "55892286" & Cited_Authors == "KABEER-N"))


# Total number of articles per years
art_yr <- wos_citations %>% # Some articles have only self-citations as references
  select(Document_ID, Citing_Years) %>% 
  distinct() %>%
  count(Citing_Years, name = "art")

# Total number of references per years
ref_yr <- no_self_cit %>% # To eliminate self-citations 
  count(Citing_Years, name = "ref") 

# Number of references per articles
mean_ref_yr <- ref_yr %>% 
  left_join(art_yr, 
            join_by(Citing_Years)) %>% 
  group_by(Citing_Years) %>% 
  mutate(mean_ref = ref/art)

# Visualization
mean_ref_yr %>% 
  ggplot(aes(y = mean_ref, x = Citing_Years)) +
  geom_smooth(se = FALSE, span = .3, color = "darkgrey", size = 1.5) +
  theme_minimal() +
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(from = 1965, to = 2020, by = 10)) +
  xlab("") +
  ylab("References per documents") 

Figure. References per document (The curve is smoothed using local polynomial regression fitting)


# To visualize self-citations per authors over total references
wos_citations %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = fct_infreq(Citing_Authors), 
             fill = !Citing_Authors == Cited_Authors)) + # For self-citations
  geom_bar() +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = seq(0, 2500, 250)) +
  theme_minimal() +
  theme(axis.text.x = element_text(size = 7, angle = 45, hjust = 1)) +
  scale_fill_manual(values = c("FALSE" = "gray", 
                               "TRUE" = "gray40"), 
                    labels = c("FALSE" = "Self-citations", 
                               "TRUE" = "Citations"), 
                    name = "Citations") +
  ylab("Number of citations") +
  xlab("")

Figure.


4.1 Networks


Networks were generated using the open-source software Gephi which incorporate the algorithm “Atlas Force 2” that we applied to calculate the location of each node (here an author) in the network according to the intensity of the edges (here the citations) it has with the other nodes in the network. The more two authors cite each other citations, the stronger will be the edge between them and so the closer they will appear on the network map.

In bibliometric literature it is generally advised to use time windows between five and ten years to analyze citations from social sciences given that the median age of cited literature in these fields is about five and that articles published in social sciences reach their citations’peak around ten years after their publication (Archambault and Larivière 2010). For that reason, we choose to focus on four time-windows of five years each in our study: 1976-1985, 1986-1995, 1996-2005 and 2006-2015.

# To select other presidents cited by citing presidents
pres_cit_pres <- no_self_cit %>% 
  filter(Cited_Authors == "AGARWAL-B" | Cited_Authors == "BALAKRISHNAN-R" |
           Cited_Authors == "BARRITEAU-VE" | Cited_Authors == "BARTLETT-RL" |
           Cited_Authors ==  "BENERIA-L" | Cited_Authors == "BERGER-S" | 
           Cited_Authors == "BERGMANN-BR" | Cited_Authors == "CONRAD-CA" |
           Cited_Authors == "DOSS-CR" | Cited_Authors == "FERBER-MA" | 
           Cited_Authors == "FOLBRE-N" | Cited_Authors == "GIRON-AG" | 
           Cited_Authors == "HIMMELWEIT-SF" | Cited_Authors == "HUMPHRIES-KJ" |
           Cited_Authors == "JACOBSEN-JP" | Cited_Authors == "KABEER-N" |
           Cited_Authors == "KUIPER-E" | Cited_Authors == "MACDONALD-ML" | 
           Cited_Authors == "OZAR-S" | Cited_Authors == "RODGERS-YV" |
           Cited_Authors == "SEGUINO-S" | Cited_Authors == "SHACKELFORD-JA" |
           Cited_Authors == "SHARP-RD" | Cited_Authors == "STARK-A" |  
           Cited_Authors =="STROBER-MH" | Cited_Authors == "TODARO-RC")

# Total number per authors and periods
art_aut <- wos_citations %>% 
  select(Citing_Authors, Document_ID, windows) %>% 
  distinct() %>% 
  count(Citing_Authors, windows, name = "art")

# Total number of references per authors and periods
ref_aut <- wos_citations %>% 
  count(Citing_Authors, windows, name = "ref") 

# Mean number of references per authors and periods
mean_aut_periods <- ref_aut %>% 
  left_join(art_aut, by = c("Citing_Authors", "windows")) %>% 
  mutate(mean_aut = ref/art)


# Creation of data tables specific to Gephi for citation networks

## Before normalization
input <- pres_cit_pres %>% 
  select(Source = Citing_Authors, Target = Cited_Authors, windows)

## Data normalization by total references of presidents (not only to presidents) 
input_total <- no_self_cit %>% 
  count(Source = Citing_Authors, windows) %>% 
  group_by(Source) %>% 
  rename("Total" = n) %>% 
  left_join(input, by = c("Source", "windows")) %>% 
  filter(!Target == "NA") %>%  
  count(Source, Target, windows, Total) %>% 
  mutate(Weight = n/Total)

## Normalized by mean references of authors
input_mean <- mean_aut_periods %>% 
  rename(Source = Citing_Authors) %>% 
  left_join(input, by = c("Source", "windows")) %>% 
  filter(!Target == "NA") %>% 
  count(Source, Target, windows, mean_aut) %>% 
  mutate(Weight = n/mean_aut)

4.1.1 1976-1985


4.1.1.1 Network

Figure. Direct citations network of IAFFE presidents, 1976-1985 (The size of the nodes and edges being proportional to the number of citations)
Figure. Direct citations network of IAFFE presidents, 1976-1985 (The size of the nodes and edges being proportional to the number of citations)

4.1.1.2 Authors centrality

# Export datatables for Gephi

# Non-normalized
input %>% 
  filter(windows == "1976-1985") %>% # Period 1976-1985
  select(Source, Target) %>% 
  mutate(Weight = "1", # Non-normalized references, each row = 1 citation
         Type = "Directed") %>% # Networks are directed
  export(here("data", "citation_analysis", "input_7685.csv"), format = ",")

# Normalized by total references
input_total %>% 
  filter(windows == "1976-1985") %>% 
  select(Source, Target, Weight) %>% 
  mutate(Type = "Directed") %>% 
  export(here("data", "citation_analysis", "input_7685_norm.csv"), format = ",")

# Normalized by means
input_mean %>% 
  filter(windows == "1976-1985") %>% 
  select(Source, Target, Weight) %>% 
  mutate(Type = "Directed") %>% 
  export(here("data", "citation_analysis", "input_7685_mean.csv"), format = ",")


# Import data with degree of centrality measures 
central_authors_7685 <- import(here("data", 
                                    "citation_analysis",
                                    "centrality_1976_1985.csv"))

# Table settings 
central_authors_7685 %>% 
  select(Label, degree, weighted_degree, indegree, 
         weighted_indegree, outdegree,  weighted_outdegree) %>% 
  arrange(desc(weighted_outdegree)) %>%  
  datatable(options = list(paging = FALSE, scrollY = 300), rownames = FALSE)

4.1.2 1986-1995


4.1.2.1 Network

Figure. Direct citations network of IAFFE presidents, 1986-1995 (The size of the nodes and edges being proportional to the number of citations)
Figure. Direct citations network of IAFFE presidents, 1986-1995 (The size of the nodes and edges being proportional to the number of citations)

4.1.2.2 Authors centrality

# Export datatables for Gephi

# Non-normalized
input %>% 
  filter(windows == "1986-1995") %>% 
  select(Source, Target) %>% 
  mutate(Weight = "1", 
         Type = "Directed") %>% 
  export(here("data", "citation_analysis", "input_8695.csv"), format = ",")

# Normalized by total references
input_total %>% 
  filter(windows == "1986-1995") %>% 
  select(Source, Target, Weight) %>% 
  mutate(Type = "Directed") %>% 
  export(here("data", "citation_analysis", "input_8695_norm.csv"), format = ",")

# Normalized by means
input_mean %>% 
  filter(windows == "1986-1995") %>% 
  select(Source, Target, Weight) %>% 
  mutate(Type = "Directed") %>% 
  export(here("data", "citation_analysis", "input_8695_mean.csv"), format = ",")


# Import data with degree of centrality measures
central_authors_8695 <- import(here("data", 
                                    "citation_analysis",
                                    "centrality_1986_1995.csv"))

# Table settings 
central_authors_8695 %>% 
  select(Label, degree, weighted_degree, indegree, 
         weighted_indegree, outdegree,  weighted_outdegree) %>% 
  arrange(desc(weighted_outdegree)) %>%  
  datatable(options = list(paging = FALSE, scrollY = 300), rownames = FALSE)

4.1.3 1996-2005


4.1.3.1 Network

Figure. Direct citations network of IAFFE presidents, 1996-2005 (The size of the nodes and edges being proportional to the number of citations)
Figure. Direct citations network of IAFFE presidents, 1996-2005 (The size of the nodes and edges being proportional to the number of citations)

4.1.3.2 Authors centrality

# Export datatables for Gephi

# Non-normalized
input %>% 
  filter(windows == "1996-2005") %>% 
  select(Source, Target) %>% 
  mutate(Weight = "1", 
         Type = "Directed") %>% 
  export(here("data", "citation_analysis", "input_9605.csv"), format = ",")

# Normalized by total references
input_total %>% 
  filter(windows == "1996-2005") %>% 
  select(Source, Target, Weight) %>% 
  mutate(Type = "Directed") %>% 
  export(here("data", "citation_analysis", "input_9605_norm.csv"), format = ",")

# Normalized by means
input_mean %>% 
  filter(windows == "1996-2005") %>% 
  select(Source, Target, Weight) %>% 
  mutate(Type = "Directed") %>% 
  export(here("data", "citation_analysis", "input_9605_mean.csv"), format = ",")


# Import data with degree of centrality measures
central_authors_9605 <- import(here("data", 
                                    "citation_analysis",
                                    "centrality_1996_2005.csv"))

# Table settings
central_authors_9605 %>% 
  select(Label, degree, weighted_degree, indegree, 
         weighted_indegree, outdegree,  weighted_outdegree) %>% 
  arrange(desc(weighted_outdegree)) %>%  
  datatable(options = list(paging = FALSE, scrollY = 300), rownames = FALSE)

4.1.4 2006-2015


4.1.4.1 Network

Figure. Direct citations network of IAFFE presidents, 1996-2005 (The size of the nodes and edges being proportional to the number of citations)
Figure. Direct citations network of IAFFE presidents, 1996-2005 (The size of the nodes and edges being proportional to the number of citations)

4.1.4.2 Authors centrality

# Export datatables for Gephi

# Non-normalized
input %>% 
  filter(windows == "2006-2015") %>% 
  select(Source, Target) %>% 
  mutate(Weight = "1", 
         Type = "Directed") %>% 
  export(here("data", "citation_analysis", "input_0615.csv"), format = ",")

# Normalized by total references
input_total %>% 
  filter(windows == "2006-2015") %>% 
  select(Source, Target, Weight) %>% 
  mutate(Type = "Directed") %>% 
  export(here("data", "citation_analysis", "input_0615_norm.csv"), format = ",")

# Normalized by means
input_mean %>% 
  filter(windows == "2006-2015") %>% 
  select(Source, Target, Weight) %>% 
  mutate(Type = "Directed") %>% 
  export(here("data", "citation_analysis", "input_0615_mean.csv"), format = ",")


# Import data with degree of centrality measures
central_authors_0615 <- import(here("data", 
                                    "citation_analysis",
                                    "centrality_2006_2015.csv"))

# Table settings
central_authors_0615 %>% 
  select(Label, degree, weighted_degree, indegree, 
         weighted_indegree, outdegree,  weighted_outdegree) %>% 
  arrange(desc(weighted_outdegree)) %>%  
  datatable(options = list(paging = FALSE, scrollY = 300), rownames = FALSE)


4.2 Bibliographic coupling

biblio_coupling_7685 <- no_self_cit %>% 
  filter(windows == "1976-1985") %>% 
  biblio_coupling(source = "Citing_Authors", 
                  ref = "Cited_Authors", 
                  output_in_character = FALSE, 
                  normalized_weight_only = FALSE) %>% 
  arrange(desc(weight))

biblio_coupling_7685 %>% select(-nb_shared_references) %>% 
  mutate("Type" = "Undirected") %>% 
  export(here("data", "publication_analysis", "biblio_coupling_7685.csv"))

biblio_coupling_7685 %>% 
  datatable(options = list(paging = FALSE, scrollY = 300), rownames = FALSE)


biblio_coupling_8695 <- no_self_cit %>% 
  filter(windows == "1986-1995") %>% 
  biblio_coupling(source = "Citing_Authors", 
                  ref = "Cited_Authors", 
                  output_in_character = FALSE, 
                  normalized_weight_only = FALSE) %>% 
  arrange(desc(weight)) 

biblio_coupling_8695 %>% 
  select(-nb_shared_references) %>% 
  mutate("Type" = "Undirected") %>% 
  export(here("data", "publication_analysis", "biblio_coupling_8695.csv"))

biblio_coupling_8695%>% 
  datatable(options = list(paging = FALSE, scrollY = 300), rownames = FALSE)


biblio_coupling_9605 <- no_self_cit %>% 
  filter(windows == "1996-2005") %>% 
  biblio_coupling(source = "Citing_Authors", 
                  ref = "Cited_Authors", 
                  output_in_character = FALSE, 
                  normalized_weight_only = FALSE) %>% 
  arrange(desc(weight)) 

biblio_coupling_9605 %>% 
  select(-nb_shared_references) %>% 
  mutate("Type" = "Undirected") %>%
  export(here("data", "publication_analysis", "biblio_coupling_9605.csv"))

biblio_coupling_9605%>% 
  datatable(options = list(paging = FALSE, scrollY = 300), rownames = FALSE)


biblio_coupling_0615 <- no_self_cit %>% 
  filter(windows == "2006-2015") %>% 
  biblio_coupling(source = "Citing_Authors", 
                  ref = "Cited_Authors", 
                  output_in_character = FALSE, 
                  normalized_weight_only = FALSE) %>% 
  arrange(desc(weight)) 

biblio_coupling_0615 %>% 
  select(-nb_shared_references) %>% 
  mutate("Type" = "Undirected") %>%
  export(here("data", "publication_analysis", "biblio_coupling_0615.csv"))

biblio_coupling_0615 %>% 
  datatable(options = list(paging = FALSE, scrollY = 300), rownames = FALSE) 


4.3 Most cited authors

#
most_cit7685 <- no_self_cit %>% 
  select(-Citing_Authors) %>% 
  distinct() %>%
  filter(windows == "1976-1985") %>% 
  count(Cited_Authors) %>%
  arrange(desc(n)) %>% 
  head(20)

#
most_cit8695 <- no_self_cit %>% 
  select(-Citing_Authors) %>% 
  distinct() %>%
  filter(windows == "1986-1995") %>% 
  count(Cited_Authors) %>%
  arrange(desc(n)) %>% 
  head(20)

most_cit9605 <- no_self_cit %>% 
  select(-Citing_Authors) %>% 
  distinct() %>%
  filter(windows == "1996-2005") %>% 
  count(Cited_Authors) %>%
  arrange(desc(n)) %>% 
  head(20)

most_cit0615 <- no_self_cit %>% 
  select(-Citing_Authors) %>% 
  distinct() %>%
  filter(windows == "2006-2015") %>% 
  count(Cited_Authors) %>%
  arrange(desc(n)) %>% 
  head(20)

most_cit7615 <- bind_cols(most_cit7685,
                          most_cit8695, 
                          most_cit9605, 
                          most_cit0615)

most_cit7615 %>%
  rename("1976-1985" = Cited_Authors...1,
         "Cit. 1" = n...2,
         "1986-1995" = Cited_Authors...3,
         "Cit. 2" = n...4,
         "1996-2005" = Cited_Authors...5,
         "Cit. 3" = n...6,
         "2006-2015" = Cited_Authors...7, 
         "Cit. 4" = n...8) %>% 
  kbl() %>% 
  kable_classic_2(bootstrap_options = c("bordered", "condensed")) %>% 
  row_spec(0, bold = T)
1976-1985 Cit. 1 1986-1995 Cit. 2 1996-2005 Cit. 3 2006-2015 Cit. 4
BECKER-GS 23 BECKER-GS 43 SEN-AK 45 DEERE-CD 35
MINCER-J 21 BLAU-FD 32 ENGLAND-P 41 SEN-AK 27
MARX-K 18 SEN-AK 32 FOLBRE-N 28 FOLBRE-N 25
BLAU-FD 16 ENGLAND-P 25 HORRELL-S 28 QUISUMBING-AR 24
BOSERUP-E 10 HARTMANN-HI 24 BECKER-GS 25 AGARWAL-B 22
CORCORAN-M 10 FOLBRE-N 22 BERGMANN-BR 23 BRAUNSTEIN-E 22
HARTMANN-HI 10 FERBER-MA 18 AGARWAL-B 21 ELSON-D 22
ROSENZWEIG-MR 10 BARDHAN-PK 17 NELSON-JA 21 LUNDBERG-SJ 21
BERGMANN-BR 9 BERGMANN-BR 16 AMSDEN-AH 19 BECKER-GS 20
FUCHS-VR 9 GOLDIN-C 16 BLAU-FD 19 BERIK-G 19
JOHNSON-GE 9 BENERIA-L 15 ELSON-D 19 HORRELL-S 15
POLACHEK-SW 9 STROBER-MH 15 BARDHAN-PK 17 ALLEN-RC 14
ROBINSON-JP 9 JODHA-NS 14 BENERIA-L 17 BENERIA-L 14
BAYER-AE 8 POLACHEK-SW 14 FERBER-MA 15 ENGLAND-P 14
DEERE-CD 8 ELSON-D 13 SARIN-M 14 KLASEN-S 14
LEIBOWITZ-A 8 MENCHER-JP 13 STEWART-F 14 THOMAS-D 13
STROBER-MH 8 LEVINE-DB 12 DREZE-J 13 BOWLES-S 12
WALKER-KE 8 MCCLOSKEY-DN 12 MCELROY-MB 13 HUMPHRIES-J 12
ENGELS-F 7 MINCER-J 12 SINGH-AM 12 NELSON-JA 12
GARDINER-J 7 ONEILL-J 12 BECKER-WE 11 SEGUINO-S 12


5 References

Archambault E. and Larivière V. 2010. “The Limits of Bibliometrics for the Analysis of the Social Sciences and Humanities Literature”, in Bokova I., Sané P. and Hernes G. (eds) The World Social Science Report: Knowledge Divides, Paris: Unesco: 251-254

Archambault E., Campbell D., Gingras Y. and Larivière V., 2009, “Comparing Bibliometric Statistics Obtained From the Web of Science and Scopus”, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 60, 7: 1320-1326

Jacomy M., Venturini T., Heymann S. and Bastian M., 2014, “ForceAtlas2, A Continuous Graph Layout Algorithm for Handy Network Visualization Designed for the Gephi Software”, PLOS One, 9, 6

Larivière V., Archambault E., Gingras Y. and Vignola-Gagné E., 2006, “The Place of Serials in Referencing Practices: Comparing Natural Sciences and Engineering With Social Sciences and Humanities”, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 57, 8: 997-1004

National Science Board, 2006 (vol. 2), Science and Engineering Indicators 2006, Arlington, VA: National Science Foundations

Svorenčík, A., 2018, “The Missing Link: Prosopography in the History of Economics.” History of Political Economy, 50, 3: 605-613